Deep-Sea Biodiversity: Tonga Trench researchers have, for the first time, filmed a goblin shark alive in its natural habitat, with sightings reported from the Tonga Trench (2024) and earlier footage near Jarvis Island (2019), expanding what scientists know about the elusive species’ range and depth. Climate Accountability: A landmark UN vote has backed a major climate ruling that supports the idea that countries have legal responsibilities to address climate change and may face reparations for harm, adding political weight to the court’s earlier decision. Fossil Fuels Pressure: Pacific governments, including Tonga, are pushing for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty ahead of the Bonn climate talks, arguing the region can’t afford delays as fuel costs and impacts keep hitting island economies. Ocean Governance & Whales: The Moananui Sanctuary Trust has released draft model laws for public consultation on whale protection and ocean guardianship, blending Indigenous stewardship with modern legal rights for nature. Fisheries Transparency: Tonga submitted its first fisheries subsidy notification to the WTO under the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement, supported by the WTO Fish Fund, as officials build capacity to improve reporting and help curb harmful subsidies. Energy Security: Pacific leaders and analysts highlight how global oil price shocks expose dependence on imported fuel, strengthening calls to scale renewable energy fast. Local Environment Spotlight: Tonga won a BIE Gold Award for Expo 2020 exhibition design, with messaging tied to educating children and reducing plastic waste.